DOS

**** Setting the CD-ROM drive

The CD-ROM drive is configured in the config.sys and autoexec.bat system files. The CD-ROM drive device driver must be configured in the config.sys file (even if the device is automatically detected in Windows). To do this, copy the device driver to a folder on the hard drive (in the following example it is called cdrom.sys located in the "cd-rom" folder). Next you must add the line:

DEVICE=c:\cd-rom\cdrom.sys /d:CD001

(CD001 is the name you give to the CD-ROM drive...)

Next the CD-ROM controller (called mscdex.exe must be added to the autoexec.bat by adding the following line:

c:\windows\command\mscdex.exe /d:CD001

(Where CD001 is the name given to the CD-ROM drive and the drive letter that is assigned to the drive is the next letter available, so if you have hard drives D: and E:, and F: is free, then the CD-ROM drive will be assigned the letter F:. If you want to specify the letter to be assigned use the /L:Z option for example.)

****Listing files

The dir command is used to list files. The file listing can also be done using several criteria (alphabetical order, date, etc.), these criteria can be applied using the following parameters:

* /p: fills the screen with the results then pauses the screen
* /w: displays the results in 5 columns
* To display files according to various criteria:
o /ah: displays hidden files
o /ad: displays folders only
o /ar: displays read-only files
o /aa: displays files ready to be archived
o /as: displays system files
* To display files in a specific order:
o /ON: sorted by name
o /OS: sorted by size (ascending)
o /OE: sorted by extension
o /OD: sorted by date
o /OG: sorted by parent folder
o /OS: sorted by attribute
* /s: displays the files located in a folder and all sub-folders
* /b: minimal view
* /l: displays results in lowercase
* /v: displays additional information

**** Modifying file properties

A file may have several properties which dictate how that file can be used. These properties can be activated or deactivated in DOS using the attib command.
The syntax for the command is as follows:

attrib +/-a +/-h +/-s +/-r

where + and - activates or deactivates the attribute which follows.

* a: archive attribute
* h: hidden file attribute (the file remains hidden in normal file view)
* r: read-only file attribute (the file cannot be deleted without deactivating this attribute)
* s: system file attribute (important files which must be treated with care)

"attrib config.sys -a -r +h" deactivates archive and read-only attributes and hides the file.

Top 10 Most Popular Social Bookmarking Sites

here is a list of the top 10 social bookmarking sites. the data is taken respectively from Alexa Rank Google Pagerank and Compete (which determines monthly visitors united states) the data is of course not 100% reliable, but this should give you a general
idea of which is more popular.

1 | digg.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) 11,344,960
Alexa Rank: 89
Pagrank: 8

2 | del.icio.us
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 1,032,489
Alexa Rank: 186
Pagrank: 8

3 | Technorati.com
Unique Monthly Visitors - 4,565,637
Alexa Rank: 201
Pagerank: 8

4 | Slashdot.org
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 268,258
Alexa Rank: 433
Pagerank: 9

5 | StumbleUpon.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 568,164
Alexa Rank:310
Pagerank: 8

6 | Netscape.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 5,577,615
Alexa Rank: 544
Pagerank: 9

7 | reddit.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 776,298
Alexa Rank: 826
Pagerank: 7

8 | FARK.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 196,092
Alexa Rank 1521
Pagerank: 7

9 | BlinkList.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 213,610
Alexa Rank: 3617
Pagerank: 6

10 | ClipMarks.com
Unique Monthly Visitors (United States) - 105,929
Alexa Rank: 4,944
Pagerank: 6

How To Restrict Drives in My Computer

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Curre ntVersion\Policies\Explorer

In right-side pane, create a new DWORD value NoViewOnDrive and change its value as following:

3 : To Restrict A and B drives only.
4 : To Restrict C drive only.
7 : To Restrict A, B, and C drives only.
8 : To Restrict D drive only.
F : To Restrict A, B, C, and D drives only.
03FFFFFF : To Restrict all drives.

And if you want more specific restrictions, like you
want to restrict a combination of other drives, then you can use decimal no. instead of hexadecimal no. Following is a list for all drives decimal no.:

A: 1
B: 2
C: 4
D: 8
E: 16
F: 32
G: 64
H: 128
I: 256
J: 512
K: 1024
L: 2048
M: 4096
N: 8192
O: 16384
P: 32768
Q: 65536
R: 131072
S: 262144
T: 524288
U: 1048576
V: 2097152
W: 4194304
X: 8388608
Y: 16777216
Z: 33554432
ALL: 67108863

So if you want to disable a combination of drives, just sum their numbers and give the same value to NoViewOnDrive. e.g., for restricting CDEF drives, give the value: 4+8+16+32 = 60

NOTE: You can also hide the drives using NoDrives DWORD value. The location and its value remain same as the above trick.

Submitted by: [Nal_singh]

Boot Defragment

A very important feature in Microsoft Windows XP is the ability to do a boot defragment.

This basically means that all boot files are placed next to each other on the disk drive to allow for faster booting.

By default this option is enabled but some upgrades could disable this feature.

to enable it :


1. Start Regedit.

2. Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\
SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Dfrg\BootOptimizeFunction

3. Select Enable from the list on the right.

4. Right on it and select Modify.

5. Change the value to Y to enable and N to disable.

6. Reboot your computer.

Show All Registered Devices

By default, the Device Manager only displays Plug-and-Play devices that are currently installed and working in the computer.

There is also a way that you can force Device Manager to display the devices that are installed, but not currently present in the system. This is particularly useful with laptops, where it is not uncommon to have devices
pulled out from time to time.


There is an environment variable called devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices that governs whether or not these devices appear in Device manager. Set this variable to 1 to display them, or to 0 to hide them again.

You can set this variable at a command prompt by typing "set devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices=1" without the quotes. You can also set it permanently as a variable by right-clicking My Computer and choosing Properties. Click the Advanced tab, and the "Settings" (XP) or Environmental Variables (older Windows) button.

Click the New button, and enter the devmgr_show_nonpresent_devices for the name, and 1 for the value.

Note: You must also employ the tip mentioned above to display all devices in addition to setting the environment variable.

Access Stored User Names and Passwords with rundll32.exe

The Stored User Names and Passwords applet lets you assign user names and passwords to use when needing to authenticate yourself to services in domains other than the one you are currently logged into.

The normal way of running this applet can be difficult to find quickly, so here is a way to launch it using a desktop shortcut using the rundll32.exe program:

Click on START - RUN and type the
following (follwed by ENTER):

rundll32.exe keymgr.dll,KRShowKeyMgr

Windows Security

__Eliminate Password-Protection on the Screensaver

It is possible to deactivate password protection in screensaver mode using the registry. To do this, open RegEdit, go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Control Panel\desktop, assign a value of 0 (zero) to the key ScreenSaveUsePassword
The password is now but a memory:)

__Lock the desktop

To avoid having too many icons cluttering up the desktop, there's a way to keep them "stuck" to the desktop. With RegEdit go into HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer and right-click New/DWORD Value in the right-hand window, name it NoSaveSettings.
Double-click on it and assign it a value of 1.

__Delete/Lock Elements in the Start Menu

Open Regedit and go to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\Explorer. You can set options by putting the following character strings after 01:

* Noclose: Stops Windows from shutting down
* Nodesktop: Deletes the Desktop icons
* Nofind: Removes the "Search" option from the Start menu
* Norun: Removes the "Run" option from the Start menu
* NoSetTaskBar: Disables Taskbar settings
* NoStartBanner: Removes the start banner ("Click here to begin") from the Taskbar
* NoStartMenuSubFolders: Deactivate the Start menu's subfolders
* NosaveSettings: Stop settings from being saved when Windows is shut down
* NoSetFolders: Removes folders from Settings (in start menu)
o NoConfigPage: Hides Hardware Profiles
o NoDevMgrPage: Hides Device Manager
o NoFileSysPage: Hides the File System button
o NoVirtMemPage: Hides the Virtual Memory page
o NoDeletePrinter: Keeps printers from being deleted
[Source :en.kioskea.net]

How can I change my user-account password from a Command Prompt?

You can change a Windows User Account password that is on any Windows computer from any other Windows computer regardless of whether the User Account is on a workstation, a stand-alone server, or a Windows domain controller. Additionally, it makes no difference whether the password being changed from a workstation, a stand-alone server, or a Windows domain controller. This is true for any NT 4.0, W2K, XP Pro and Windows Server 2003 computer.

To change a user's password at the command prompt, log on as an administrator and type:

net user danielp * /domain

(This is only an example, use your own username)

When you are prompted to type a password for the user, type the new password, not the existing password. After you type the new password, the system prompts you to retype the password to confirm. The password is now changed.

Alternatively, you can type the following command:

net user danielp 123456 /domain

When you do so, the password changes without prompting you again. This command also enables you to change passwords in a batch file.

Note: If you type these commands on a member server or workstation and you don't add the /domain switch, the command will be performed on the local SAM and NOT on the DC SAM.

For example, to change the administrator's password type:

net user administrator 123456

Note: Non-administrators receive a "System error 5 has occurred. Access is denied" error message when they attempt to change the password.

Pop-up Ads – A Royal Pain

Pop-up ads are spontaneous browser windows that jet out at Web users entering an online site, exiting it or just surfing around. As old as the commercial Web itself, the ad format truly came into vogue when Web publishers got pressed for cash in the dot-com crunch.

Eager to convince reluctant Fortune 500 companies that Web advertising could be as intrusive, and effective, as TV commercials, sites such as USA Today, AOL, MSNBC, Amazon.com and Yahoo began triggering the ads regularly to grab readers' attention. The proliferation of pop-ups also launched obscure goods, such as X-10's surveillance cameras, into Internet infamy.

Though unpopular with consumers, the ads are favored by advertisers because they're generally thought to get a higher response from viewers. Some researchers estimate that they garner three to six times greater click-through rates than standard banners or display ads on the Web.

Over time, pop-up ads are becoming less effective as readers tune them out or avoid sites that host them altogether.

Programs to Stop Pop-ups

Pop-up ads have spawned a crop of programs aimed at minimizing or eliminating this nuisance. If you are sick & tired of these in-your-face ads, try out the following programs:

Popup Stopper - www.panicware.com
AdSubtract - www.adsubtract.com
AdsGone - www.a1tech.com
Guard IE - www.guardwall.com
PopNot - www.hdsoft.com
Pop-up Zero - www.pcssafe.com
Pop-up Cop – www.popupcop.com

Some of these programs are “freeware” which you can download and use at no cost. Others allow you to try them out for thirty days, and charge a small fee for continued use.

Flashdisk dan perangakat baru jika Butuh Driver

Biasanya, pada windows XP, flashdisk kita akan langsung terdeteksi tampa harus minta driver karena Windows XP menggunakan sistem Plug n Play-nya (PnP) yaitu agar perangangkat baru yang ditemukan langsung terdeteksi tampa harus menginstal dulu
Nah bagaimana jika computer kita ganti perangkat baru atau flashdiks kita malah tidak dideteksi oleh windows dan meminta driver, padahal windowsnya sudah XP. Cara mengatasinya adalah:

1.Klik start, pilih Run
2.Ketik Services.msc dan enter
3.Perhatikan jendela sebelah kanan cari Universal Plug n Play Devices Host .
4.Klik kanan di servce tersebut dan pilih Properties
Pada kolom Startup Type pilih Automatic , kemudian klik tombol Start pada Service Status .


.6Pilih Apply dan Ok .
.7Restart computer anda
Dan kalau tetap tidak terdeteksi, mungkin sebaiknya anda pake driver juga atau ganti flashdisk. Atau perangkatnya hehe..

redirect your visitors to the new web location

So you changed your URL and wondering how to automatically redirect your visitors to the new location. Simply put the following HTML tag in-between and tags:

<meta http-equiv="refresh"<br /><br />content="<delay before redirecting>;<br /><br />URL=<URL>">

For example:

<br /><br /><HTML><br /><br /><br /><br /><HEAD><br /><br /><TITLE>I moved!!!</TITLE><br /><br /><META HTTP-EQUIV="refresh" CONTENT="10;URL=http://my.newplace.com/"><br /><br /></HEAD><br /><br /><br /><br /><BODY><br /><br /><br /><br />I moved to a new place.<br /><br />Your browser should automatically take you there in 10 seconds. If it doesn't plase go to http://my.newplace.com/<br /><br /><br /><br /></BODY><br /><br /><br /><br /></HTML>